Timeline of Pandemics


Timeline of Pandemics
Pandemic means disease prevalent over whole country or world. Human being is being suffered from several infectious pandemics from (160 s – 2020 s). As human spread across the world diseases also spread in the same manner. Pandemics brought the concept of Quarantine and advanced the modern public health measures. Many lives past away due to such pandemics. Following is the timeline of pandemics.
picture source: slideshare.net



Antonine Plague:
Year: 165-180
Death: 5 million
Cause: Measles or small pox
Occurred at the Roman Empire Imported by troops.

Plague of Justinian:
Year: 541-542
Death: 30-50 million
Cause: Yersinia pestis bacteria
Fleas were infected with the plague.

Japanese Smallpox Epidemic:
Year: 735-737
Death: 1 million
Cause: Variola major virus
Killed 1/3rd of Japan’s population.
Imported to Japan by a fisherman.

Black Death: (Bubonic plague)
Year: 1347-1351
Death: 200 million
Cause: Yersinia pestis bacteria
60% of Europe’s population was lost.
Breathing played a role in transmission.

New World small pox:
Year: 1520-onward
Death: 55 million
Cause: Variola major virus
Brought to New World inhabitants by European Explorers.

Italian Plague:
Year: 1629-1631
Death: 1 million
Cause: Yersinia pestis bacteria
25% of Italy’s population was lost.
Brought by troops returning from war.

Great Plague of London:
Year: 1665-1666
Death: 100,000
Cause: Yersinia pestis bacteria
It killed ¼ th of London’s population.
-infected people died within 2 weeks.

The Cholera Pandemics:
Year: 1817-1923
Death: 1 million
Cause: Vibrio cholerae bacteria
Transmitted via contaminated water.
Causes severe diarrhea and vomiting.

 Third Plague Pandemics:
Year: 1885
Death: 12 million
Cause Yersinia pestis bacteria
It began in Yunnan, China.
It killed 2 million in China, 10 million in India.


Russian Flu:
Year: 1889-1890
Death: 1 million
Cause: Influenza A virus sub type H2N2
Started in Bukhara, Russian Empire.
Spread facilitated by modern transport.

Yellow fever:
Year: late 1800s
Death: 150,000 (U.S)
Spread by female mosquitoes.
It swept through Philadelphia.
10% of the city’s population was lost .

Spanish flu:
Year: 1918-1920
Deaths: 50 million
Cause: H1N1 influenza virus
The virus originated in pigs.
It infected 500 million people.

Asian flu:
Year: 1957-158
Death: 2 million
Cause: H2N2 influenza virus
The virus is attributed to birds.
It originated in Guizhou, China.


Hong Kong Flu:
Deaths: 1 million
Cause: H3N2 influenza virus
The virus mutated from H2N2 .
It originated in Hong Kong, China.

HIV/AIDS:
Year: 1981- present:
Death: 35 million
Cause: A retro virus called HIV.
HIV originated in West- Central Africa.
Jumped from Chimps to human.

SARS:
Year: 2002-2003
Death: 774
Cause: Coronavirus SARS-COV-1
Virus jumped from bats to humans.
It started in Guangdong, China.


Swine Flu:
Year: 2009- 2010
Deaths: 200,000
Cause: H1N1 influenza virus
Mostly killed younger people.
It was first detected in the U.S.

Ebola:
Year: 2014-2016
Death: 11,000
Cause: Ebola virus
Transmitted from wild animal.
It started in west Africa.


MERS:
Year: 2015-present
Death: 850
Cause: Coronavirus MERS-COV
Transmitted to humans from camels.
Originated in Saudi Arabia.

Covid-19:
Year 2019 – present
Death :……………………………
Cause: coronavirus SARS-COV-2
Jumped from bats/pangolins.
It started in Wuhan, China.














Sources:
-Official WHO website, who.int
-CDC, U.S
-BBC
-Johns Hopkins University


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